Number correct: 0
Number incorrect: 20

1. Which of the following features does NOT characterize
the chordates 
a. pharyngeal slits.
b. notochord.
c. dorsal, hollow nerve cord.
d. ganglia.
  e. postanal tail.

Correct answer is: d. . ganglia.

See page 628 in Campbell Biology 4e

2. The neural crest is specific for 
  a. vertebrates.
b. invertebrates.
c. deuterostomes.
d. bilateria.
e. eumetazoa.

Correct answer is: a. . vertebrates.

See page 632 in Campbell Biology 4e

3. Agnathans are distinct from the other modern fish
classes due to 
a. the bony skeleton.
b. their encasement in bony plates.
c. their cartilage skeleton.
  d. the absence of jaws.
e. the development of teeth.

Correct answer is: d. . the absence of jaws .

See page 636 in Campbell Biology 4e

4. In vertebrates, jaws developed from the _ , whereas in
arthropods they developed from _ .
a. cranium/thorax
  b. cranium/cephalothorax
c. gill slits/appendages
d. skeleton/appendages,
e. appendages/skeleton

Correct answer is: d. . skeleton/appendages

See page 635 in Campbell Biology 4e

5. The lateral line system on sharks enables them to sense
a. sound.
b. light.
c. water pressure.
d. smell.
  e. electricity.

Correct answer is: c. . water pressure.

See page 637 in Campbell Biology 4e

6. Sharks may lay eggs that hatch in the water (_), retain
the fertilized eggs in the body (_), or develop a placenta
that feeds the embryos (_). 
a. ovoviviparous/oviparous/ viviparous
b. oviparous/ovoviviparous/viviparous
  c. oviparous/viviparous /ovoviviparous 
d. viviparous/oviparous/ovoviviparous 
e. viviparous/ovoviviparous/oviparous 

Correct answer is: b. . oviparous/ovoviviparous/viviparous

See page 637 in Campbell Biology 4e

7. A cloaca is 
a. the reproductive tract in most vertebrates.
b. the excretory organ in most vertebrates.
  c. the combined reproductive tract and excretory organ
in most vertebrates.
d. the organ that retains fertilized eggs in most
vertebrates.
e. the intestine of most vertebrates.

Correct answer is: c. . the combined reproductive tract
and excretory organ in most vertebrates.

See page 637 in Campbell Biology 4e

8. Amphibians may complete their life cycle 
a. in water and land.
  b. only in water.
c. only on land.
d. on humid land.
e. all of the above

Correct answer is: e. . all of the above

See page 642 in Campbell Biology 4e

9. The amnion is 
a. an egg with a water-retaining shell.
  b. an extraembryonic membrane.
c. a fluid that protects the embryo.
d. nutrition that the embryo feeds on while growing.
e. the uterus lining of reptiles.

Correct answer is: b. . an extraembryonic membrane.

See page 642 in Campbell Biology 4e

10. Reptilian scales contain _ to make the skin
waterproof.
  a. keratin
b. chitin
c. wax
d. cellulose
e. lignin

Correct answer is: a. . keratin

See page 643 in Campbell Biology 4e

11. One cloudy days, reptiles move relatively slowly
because 
a. their food sources retreat.
b. they need evaporative cooling to keep an optimal body
temperature.
c. colder temperatures slow the gas exchange.
d. they are stimulated by sunlight.
  e. fast movements require external heat input.

Correct answer is: e. . fast movements require external
heat input.

See page 643 in Campbell Biology 4e

12. Dinosaurs became largely extinct during the _ period,
about _ million years ago.
  a. Devonian/360
b. Permian/245
c. Triassic/208
d. Cretaceous/65
e. Tertiary/35

Correct answer is: d. . Cretaceous/65

See page 645 in Campbell Biology 4e

13. The main feature that sets birds and archaeopteryx
apart from other reptiles are 
a. feathers.
b. clawed limbs.
c. teeth.
d. tail with vertebrae.
  e. the ability to fly.

Correct answer is: a. . feathers

See page 648 in Campbell Biology 4e

14. A carina is
a. a tooth found in archaeopteryx.
b. a support structure within avian bones.
c. a sternal keel.
  d. a modified finger bone in a bird's wing.
e. the head bone of a bird.

Correct answer is: c. . a sternal keel.

See page 649 in Campbell Biology 4e

15. The mammalian four-chambered heart is
advantageous because 
a. it is safer than a one- or two-chambered heart.
b. it ensures better oxygen supply to the muscle cells.
c. it can support the development of an embryo.
  d. it allows for larger body sizes.
e. it allows for a larger brain size.

Correct answer is: b. . it ensures better oxygen supply to
the muscle cells. 

See page 650 in Campbell Biology 4e

16. Echidnas are an example of _, koalas of _ and cats of
_ . 
a. marsupials/placental mammal/monotremes/
  b. monotremes/marsupials/placental mammal
c. monotremes/placental mammal/marsupials
d. placental mammal/marsupials/monotremes 
e. placental mammal/monotremes/marsupials 

Correct answer is: b. . monotremes/marsupials/placental
mammal 

See page 651 in Campbell Biology 4e

17. Primates closest related to humans are the 
a. old world monkeys.
  b. chimpanzees.
c. gorillas.
d. gibbons.
e. orangutans.

Correct answer is: b . chimpanzees.

See page 655 in Campbell Biology 4e

18. At some points during the past 4 million years, _
different hominid species co-existed. 
a. two 
  b. three
c. four 
d. five 
e. six

Correct answer is: b. . three

See page 657 in Campbell Biology 4e

19. The first use of tools by humans is thought to occur
with the evolution of 
  a. the bipedalism.
b. the opposable thumb.
c. an enlarged brain.
d. the loss of body hair.
e. an increase in body size.

Correct answer is: c . . an enlarged brain.

See page 659 in Campbell Biology 4e

20. The multiregional model of human evolution estimates
that ancestors of modern humans migrated from Africa
about _ years ago, whereas the monogenesis model
predicts that our ancestors migrated from Africa roughly
_ years ago.
a. 3.5 million/700 thousand
b. 700 thousand/3.5 million
c. 1.5 million/100 thousand
  d. 100 thousand/1.5 million
e. 1 million/50 thousand

Correct answer is: c . 1.5 million/100 thousand 

See page 661 in Campbell Biology 4e