Winter 1992         Bi 252 - COMPREHENSIVE EXAM

1. The wings of birds and the wings of bats are most precisely: a)
homologous as wings; b) analogous as wings; c) homologous with insect
wings; d) homo- plastic with insect wings; e) c and d.

2. Which of the following groups has the largest number of species? a)
fungi; b) flowering plants; c) vertebrates; d) insects; e) molluscs

3. When a mosquito carrying malarial parasites infects you, what you got
from the mosquito are the 7 of the parasite: a) gametes; b) gametocytes;
c) merozoites; d) cryptozoites; e) sporozoites.

4. The causative agent of African sleeping sickness is: a) the tse-tse
fly; b) a female mosquito; c) Try2anosoma; d) Plasmodium; e) Endamoeba.

 5. Conjugation in ciliates involves exchange of genetic information
contained in the: a) macronuclei; b) micronuclei; c) contractile vacuoles;
d) pel- licle; e) pseudopodia.

 6. The earliest known remains of vertebrates are in rocks about 2 years
old; a) I million; b) 5 million; c) 50 million; d) 500 million; e) 5
billion.

 7. The term "axopods" should cause you immediately to think of the
phylum: a) Apicomplexa; b) Ciliophora; c) Foraminifera; d) Actinopoda; e)
Rhizopoda.

 8. A/an ? develops as outpocketings of the embryonic digestive cavity: a)
acoelc;m-; b) enterocoelom; c) pseudocoelom; d) schizodoelom; e)
blastopore.

 9. The original adaptive value of the pharyngeal slits in chordates was
pro- bably: a) to improve gas exchange; b) to improve filter-feeding
efficiency; c) to improve swimming efficiency; d) to improve nervous
coordination.

10. of the vertebrate classes, which has the largest number of living
species?  a) Mammalia; b) )Lves; c) Amphibia; d) Reptilia; e)
osteichthyes.

11. An annelid bearing an anterior and a posterior sucker and having
neither setae nor parapodia should be assigned to the class: a) Trematoda;
b) Poly- chaeta; c) Hirudinea; d) Polyplacophora; e) Oligochaeta.

12. A complete list of mandibulate arthropods should include: a) horseshoe
crabs; b) spiders; c) scorpions; d) ticks; e) centipedes.

13. Living chordates are a diverse lot, but one feature they all have some
time in their lives is a: a) dorsal nerve cord; b) notochord; c) water
vascular system; d) all of these; e) a and b but not c.

14. Spiders are, in fact: a) insects; b) crustaceans; c) arachnids; d)
mandibulate arthropods; e) a and d.

15. The first fossil vertebrates were: a) ostracoderms; b) lampreys and
hagfishes; c) sharks; d) Osteichthyes; e) amphibians.

16. Trichinosis is caused by a species of: a) protozoan; b) fluke; c)
tapeworm; d) roundworm; e) leech.

17. The group of vertebrates that includes the ancestors of amphibians is:
a) jawless fishes; b) ray-finned fishes; c) lobe-finned fishes; d) car-
tilagenous fishes; e) reptiles.

18. A cnidarian in which the medusa is predominant should probably be put
in: a) Hvdrozoa; b) Scyphozoa; c) Anthozoa; d) Parazoa; e) Protozoa.

19. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, there are two alleles,
H ("smooth") and h Clhairy"), for a particular locus.  H is completely
dominant ever h. Observatlon rev-eals that 9 of iOo individuals-are
"hairy".  What is the f-requency of heterozygotes in the population? a)
0.455; b) 0.49; c) 0.09; d) 0.91; e) 0.42.

20. If conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are met, what will be the
frequency of h in the next generation? a) 0.09; b) 0.3; c) 0.7; d) 0.49;
e) 0.9-1

21. The geologic era that included the rise of dinosaurs and the
appearance of birds and mammals is the: a) Cenozoic; b) Mesozoic; c)
Paleozoic; d) Proterozoic; e) Phanerozoic.

22. Earth's atmosphere during the time when life may have formed from non-
living precursors was probably relatively rich in: a) oxygen; b) methane;
c) hydrogen; d) all of these; e) 15 and c, but not a.

23. Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic reproductive
barrier? a) hybrid offspring are sterile; b) members of two populations do
not breed at the same time; c) members of two populations are
geographically isolated from each other; d) genital structures of the
males in one popula- tion are compatible with those of females in the
other population; e) all these are postzygotic barriers.

24. ? selection favors phenotypes toward both ends of the range of
variation for the trait in question: a) diversifying; b) directional; c)
stabilizing; d) unnatural; e) b and c.

25. In some species of mammals, larger individuals are found in cold,
northern parts of the range and smaller individuals are found in the warm,
southern parts of the range.  This is an example of: a) clinal variation;
b) poly- morphism; c) polyploidy; d) founder effect; e) a genetic
bottleneck.

26. "Darwinian fitness" essentially means: a) inheritance of acquired
characteristics; b) reproductive success; c) sexual recombination; d)
Mendelian inheritance; e) apes giving rise to humans.

27. Most species of land plants are in the division: a) Anthophyta; b)
Coniferophyta; c) Bryophyta; d) Chlorophyta; e) Anthozoa.

28. In a higher plant such as a Douglas-fir, the tree itself is: a)
haploid; b) the gametophyte; c) the sporophyte; d) a and b; e) a and c.

29. The green, "leafy" part of a moss is: a) the gametophyte; b) the
sporophyte; c) dikaryotic; d) diploid and gametophytic; e)
non-photosynthetic.

30. Some of the organisms here considered as algae are also studied in
general zoology courses.  One such group is the: a) red algae; b)
euglenas; c) brown algae; d) diatoms; e) bryophytes.

31. The protists that may make bivalve molluscs toxic for humans to eat
are: a) dinoflagellates; b) diatoms; c) green algae; d) red algae; e)
brown algae.

32. The most ubiquitous photosynthetic pigment is: a) fucoxanthin; b) beta
carotene; c) Chlorophyll a; d) chlorophyll b; e) chlorophyll c.

33. The earliest forms of life on earth were probably: a) single-celled
green algae; b) similar to primitive monerans; c) unicellular animals; d)
colonial algae; e) much like present-day eubacteria.

34. In the life cycle of a typical angiosperm, fertilization produces: a)
a 2N zygote; b) a haploid pollen grain; c) a 3N endosperm; d) a mega-
spore; e) both a and c.

35. A concise, correct definition of a fruit is: a) a vegetable that is
juicy and relatively sweet; b) a ripened ovary; c) a mature ovule; d) a
mature megaspore; e) a mature endosperm.

36. A/an ? is a mutualistic association between an alga and a fungus: a)
moss; b) horsetail; c) lichen; d) prothallium; e) fern gametophyte.

37. In order to form organic compounds plants require a number of
macronutrients including: a) P; b) K; c) C; d) N; e) all of these.

38. Plants also require a number of micronutrients including ?, important
because it is a component of cytochromes and may activate some enzymes: a)
boron; b) iron; c) hydrogen; d) chlorine; e) carbon.

39. The main plant tissue in which water and minerals move through a plant
is: a) phloem; b) lignin; c) sieve tubes; d) xylem; e) mesophyll.

40. The main function of stomata of plants is: a) regulating movement of
gases in and out of leaves; b) photosynthesis; c) uptake of water and
minerals; d) structural support of the leaves; e) carbohydrate storage.

41. Mycorrhizal associations between fungi and roots of certain trees: a)
accomplish the rapid decay of dead trees; b) carry out most of the trees'
photosynthesis; c) enhance the absorption of certain minerals by the
trees' roots; d) are damaging to the live tree, depriving it of much-
needed nutrients; e) trap certain plant parasites that could harm trees.

42. Auxins are plant hormones that: a) stimulate stem elongation; b) close
stomata during water stress; c) promote fruit ripening; d) promote seed
and bud germination; e) do all of these.

43. The tendency of a climbing plant to coil around supporting objects is
an example of: a) positive phototropism; b) negative gravitropism; c)
positive geotropism; d) thigmotropism; e) negative phototropism.

44. ? is important because it controls flowering in most plants: a) night
length; b) day length; c) gravity; d) heat; e) ultraviolet light.

45. Which of the following structures is unique to monocotyledonous plants
a) root;  b) shoot; c) flower;  d) coleoptile;  e) radicle.

46. Water and dissolved solutes gain access to the roots through: a) root
hairs; b) stomata; c) sieve tubes; d) companion cells; e) guttation.

47. The cortex of a root or stem arises from the: a) vascular cambium; b)
cork cambium; c) epidermis; d) procambium; e) ground meristem.

48. Which of the following is characteristic of monocots and not of dicots
a) vascular bundles arranged in a ring; b) floral parts usually in
multiples of three; c) taproot usually present; d) leaf veins usually
netlike; e) two cotyledons.

49. It being close to St. Patrick's day, every biologist should recall tha
a potato (the part we eat) is a modified: a) leaf; b) stem; c) root; d)
fruit; e) seed.

50. Having had Bi 252, if you go to the southwestern United States and
impale yourself'on the spines of a cactus, at least you will know that the
spines are modified: a) stems; b) leaves; c) flowers; d) roots; e)
stomates.