Chapter 31

1. An abnormal flower in an Arabidopsis plant is helpful to molecular biologists because
a. it has more flower material to use for conducting research.
b. it has a mutated gene which helps locate a gene involved in "normal" flower development.
c. the gene responsible for flower development can be found in the abnormal floral parts.
d. it may produce more offspring.
e. it represents a new plant species.

2. Some plants change the location of their chloroplasts in the cells according to the solar angle at the time of the day. Such changes are
a. structural adaptations.
b. evolutionary changes.
c. growth responses.
d. physiological responses.
e. all of the above

3. If you let a carrot grow into a full plant you would expect to see
a. net-like veins on the leaf.
b. complexly arranged vascular bundles.
c. floral parts with multiples of three.
d. a and b
e. a and c

4. A vegetative branch is
a. the main branch of a plant.
b. a branch that bears fruits or vegetables.
c. a branch with leaves.
d. a branch with flowers.
e. a branch that functions as a bulb.

5. If you want to distinguish a compound leaf from a stem with many leaves, you examine the
a. arrangement of the leaves on the stem.
b. the veining pattern on the leaves and stem.
c. the margins of the leaves.
d. the location of auxiliary buds on the plant.
e. the attachment of the leaves to the stem.

6. Leaves may function like
a. roots.
b. spines.
c. flowers.
d. tendrils.
e. all of the above

7. A plant may NOT be generated from
a. seeds.
b. branches.
c. parenchyma cells.
d. sclerenchyma cells.
e. roots.

8. Important functions in the plants are carried out by dead cells, such as
a. nutrient transport.
b. food storage.
c. water transport.
d. water storage.
e. all of the above

9. Companion cells are attached to
a. sieve-tube members.
b. tracheids.
c. vessel elements.
d. xylem vessels.
e. sclerenchyma cells.

10. Root hairs are formed by
a. vascular tissue.
b. ground tissue.
c. xylem cells.
d. the cuticle.
e. epidermis cells.

11. Indeterminate growth means that plants
a. can alter their shape as they grow.
b. grow according to the environment and not according to a predetermined genetic plan.
c. can grow at any time of the year.
d. do not stop growing.
e. only grow during certain seasons.

12. Meristem cells
a. are different in various tissue types.
b. are immortal.
c. are unspecialized cells.
d. are only found in the vegetative tissues.
e. are not found in herbaceous plants.

13. If you are sitting on a wooden bench, it is mainly produced by
a. apical meristems.
b. lateral meristems.
c. xylem.
d. lignin.
e. phloem.

14. The quiescent center is
a. the root meristem during winter time.
b. a resistant part on the root tip that secretes polysaccharides.
c. dead cells in the vascular center.
d. a slowly dividing part of the root meristem.
e. dormant buds at nodes.

15. When a root pushes further into the ground, the added length results mainly from
a. cell division.
b. lignification of the cell walls.
c. cell elongation.
d. cell maturation.
e. cell thickening.

16. The xylem and phloem in roots are produced by
a. the protoderm.
b. the procambium.
c. the ground meristem.
d. the pericycle.
e. the cortex.

17. Which of the following tissues occurs in both shoots and roots of a dicot?
a. pith
b. cortex
c. pericycle
d. stele
e. endodermis

18. Palisade parenchyma and guard cells
a. originate from a common meristem.
b. are adjacent to each other.
c. are on opposite sides of a leaf.
d. both contribute to the gas exchange of the leaf.
e. limit water loss from the leaf.

19. The meristem that contributes to secondary growth originates from
a. parenchyma cells.
b. meristematic cells that were left behind from the apical meristem.
c. quiescent centers.
d. primary phloem cells.
e. primary xylem cells.

20. Why does a tree die when a deer eats a complete ring of the bark from its trunk?
a. The tree looses too much water.
b. The tree is not protected against mechanical impact.
c. Insects can easily invade the inside of the tree.
d. The meristem cells are lost.
e. The tree can no longer transport nutrients.