[Entrez medline Query] 13 citations found Other Formats: [Citation Format] [MEDLINE Format] Links: [126 medline neighbors] Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1985 Sep;63(9):1084-1087 On the metabolism of amygdalin. 2. The distribution of beta-glucosidase activity and orally administered amygdalin in rats. Adewusi SR, Oke OL The organs of 15-day-old rats had the highest capability to hydrolyze amygdalin and prunasin, and most of this activity is concentrated in the tissues of the small and large intestines. The activity decreased with age. In adult rats, the ability of the organs to hydrolyze prunasin is higher than that of amygdalin and is concentrated in the spleen, large intestine, and kidney (35.0, 15.0, and 8.9 micrograms prunasin hydrolyzed . h-1 . g tissue-1). Minced tissues of the liver, spleen, kidney, and stomach contain more hydrolytic capability than the homogenate of these organs, while the reverse is the case with the small and large intestines. When 30 mg amygdalin was orally administered to adult rats, its distribution after the 1st h was as follows: stomach (0.89 mg), small intestine (0.78 mg), spleen (0.36 mg), large intestine (0.30 mg), kidney (0.19 mg), liver (0.10 mg), and serum (5.6 micrograms/mL). At the end of the 2nd h, the highest amygdalin content was found in the large intestine (0.79 mg). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] [MEDLINE Format] Links: [116 medline neighbors] Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1985 Sep;63(9):1080-1083 On the metabolism of amygdalin. 1. The LD50 and biochemical changes in rats. Adewusi SR, Oke OL The mean lethal dose (LD50) of amygdalin in rats was found to be 880 mg/kg body weight (BW) by oral administration. However, when 600 mg/kg BW was administered orally with beta-glucosidase, all the rats died. Total and Mg ATPase activities of the heart decreased with increasing levels of administered amygdalin. When 200 mg/kg BW amygdalin was administered 2.3 mg (11.7% of the dose) was excreted intact over 48 h. Amygdalin, 7.4 mg (18.5% of the dose) was excreted when the dose was 400 mg/kg BW, while 7.5 mg (12.4% of the dose) was excreted as intact amygdalin when the dosage was increased to 600 mg/kg BW. Thiocyanate excreted within the same 48-h period was 7.0, 9.1, and 9.5 mumol representing 18, 11.2, and 7.8% of the 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg BW oral dosage, respectively. With 300 mg/kg BW amygdalin administered intraperitoneally, 4.1 mg amygdalin and 3.9 mumol thiocyanate representing 13.7 and 6.5% of the dose, respectively, was excreted. Excretion of intact amygdalin and thiocyanate was uniform when the dose was low (200 mg), but with higher doses over 70% of the excreted products were detected in the urine during the first 24 h. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] [MEDLINE Format] Links: [143 medline neighbors] J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1985;109(3):208-209 Studies on high-dose chemotherapy of amygdalin in murine P388 lymphocytic leukaemia and P815 mast cell leukaemia. Chitnis MP, Adwankar MK, Amonkar AJ The anti-tumor activity of amygdalin (NSC 251222), commercially known as Laetrile, was investigated using P388 lymphocytic leukaemia and P815 mast-cell leukaemia in BDF1 mice. Doses varying from 200 mg/kg to 2,000 mg/kg were used following the days 1 and 5 and days 1, 5 and 9 schedules. Despite treatment with high doses of amygdalin there was no prolongation in the life-span of mice bearing either P388 or P815 tumor. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] [MEDLINE Format] Links: [97 medline neighbors] Public Health Rep 1984 Jul;99(4):333-338 Laetrile: the regulatory challenge of an unproven remedy. Nightingale SL The controversy over Laetrile is nearly at an end, the worthlessness of the drug having been demonstrated beyond reasonable doubt. But the Laetrile experience raised important questions of public policy, some of which remain unresolved and all of which are worthy of examination. Could the Laetrile phenomenon have been prevented? Did the regulatory system perform as intended? Could there be another Laetrile? The drug regulatory system administered under law by the Food and Drug Administration, like any other system carried out by Government in a free society, functions only so long and so far as the public will allow. Survey after survey shows that there is overwhelming support by the American people for the consumer health protection activities of the FDA. But, as the case of Laetrile proves, that support is neither absolute nor permanent. It can be selectively or totally withdrawn. In those circumstances, it would seem that the best, perhaps the only, recourse in a free society is for those institutions and groups that have a responsibility for protection of the public health--institutions outside Government as well as within it--to identify, expose, and halt quackery that threatens the public health and welfare. Their weapons in such a struggle are facts as well as laws, credibility as well as confidence, compassion as well as the scientific method. While the role of a drug regulatory agency may be limited, submission of scientific data as part of application for an investigational permit should be encouraged. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] [MEDLINE Format] Links: [55 medline neighbors] J Chromatogr Sci 1984 Mar;22(3):94-98 Preparative and analytical separation of amygdalin and related compounds in injectables and tablets by reversed-phase HPLC and the effect of temperature on the separation. Smith DJ, Weber JD Previous HPLC procedures for amygdalin and related compounds in injectables and tablets were either time consuming or produced inadequate separations of D-amygdalin and its epimer. A study of the effects of temperature on the separation resulted in development of an HPLC method for amygdalin and some related compounds, using water as the mobile phase at 15 degrees C. Multimilligram quantities of amygdalin and related compounds were separated by this preparative procedure. The aqueous mobile phase allows the compounds to be recovered by simple lyophilization of the sample after elution. This permitted the carbon-13 NMR spectrum of the isolated aglyconic epimer of amygdalin to be reported for the first time. D-amygdalin, its L-mandelonitrile epimer (D-epiamygdalin), their hydrolysis products (the epimeric amides and epimeric acids), and the sugar gentiobiose were separated by the method. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] [MEDLINE Format] Links: [82 medline neighbors] J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1984;22(4):341-347 The cyanide content of laetrile preparations, apricot, peach and apple seeds. Holzbecher MD, Moss MA, Ellenberger HA Laetrile preparations obtained from a cyanide intoxicated patient were analyzed for their cyanide content by a microdiffusion colorimetric procedure. Cyanide was also determined in apricot, peach and apple seeds. The results were compared to those reported in the literature for cyanogenic glycoside containing seeds. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] [MEDLINE Format] Links: [192 medline neighbors] Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1983 Nov;61(11):1426-1430 High-dose ascorbic acid decreases detoxification of cyanide derived from amygdalin (laetrile): studies in guinea pigs. Basu TK Cysteine, a sulphur-containing amino acid, is required to metabolize ascorbic acid (as ascorbate sulphate) and detoxify cyanide (to thiocyanate). In guinea pigs, conjoint use of laetrile (a cyanogenic glycoside) and ascorbic acid (in large doses) decreases the detoxification of cyanide derived from laetrile through diminishing the availability of cysteine, but not impairing hepatic rhodanese activity, which is involved in the detoxification of cyanide to thiocyanate. These results agree with the symptoms of a sublethal dose of KCN toxicity manifested by the animals. The studies, therefore, indicate that individuals taking megadoses of ascorbic acid concurrently with laetrile may be subject to self-poisoning. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] [MEDLINE Format] Links: [201 medline neighbors] Ann Emerg Med 1983 Jul;12(7):449-451 Acute cyanide poisoning from laetrile ingestion. Beamer WC, Shealy RM, Prough DS A case of cyanide poisoning from laetrile ingestion is presented as an illustration of the recognition and treatment of cyanide intoxication. The pharmacology of laetrile, of cyanide, and of antidotes to cyanide intoxication are discussed as they relate to the acute management and successful treatment of this patient after this highly lethal ingestion. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] [MEDLINE Format] Links: [67 medline neighbors] Cancer 1983 Jun 1;51(11):2126-2133 Neuromyopathy of cyanide intoxication due to "laetrile" (amygdalin). A clinicopathologic study. Kalyanaraman UP, Kalyanaraman K, Cullinan SA, McLean JM A 67-year-old woman with lymphoma presented with a neuromyopathy following "laetrile" (amygdalin) treatment. She had significant elevation of blood and urinary thiocyanate and cyanide levels. Sural nerve biopsy specimen revealed a mixed pattern of demyelination and axonal degeneration, the latter being prominent. Gastrocnemius muscle biopsy specimen showed histochemically a mixed pattern of denervation and myopathy with Type II atrophy. It is concluded that cyanide toxicity secondary to laetrile therapy and nutritional deficiency caused the neuromyopathy, as the changes in peripheral nerve are similar to changes described in ataxic polyneuropathy occurring in Nigeria attributed to high cyanide content in the diet and nutritional deficiency. Although this patient received vincristine initially, the development of the neuromyopathy had no temporal relationship to its administration. The clinical profile, as well as peripheral nerve and muscle changes were not similar to either vincristine neuromyopathy or neuromyopathy due to paraneoplastic manifestation of lymphoma. Clinical improvement following discontinuation of "laetrile" by the patient further supports the toxic etiologic results for the neuromyopathy in this patient. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] [MEDLINE Format] Links: [200 medline neighbors] CA Cancer J Clin 1983 Mar;33(2):122-125 Unproven methods of cancer management. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] [MEDLINE Format] Links: [200 medline neighbors] Harefuah 1983 Jan 2;104(1):33-34 Laetril and cancer--a new era or illusion? [Article in Hebrew] Michaeli J, Leor R, Stessman J --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] [MEDLINE Format] Links: [187 medline neighbors] Acta Chem Scand [B] 1983;37(8):739-742 Determination of amygdalin and cyanide in industrial food samples using enzymic methods. Mandenius CF, Bulow L, Danielsson B --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] [MEDLINE Format] Links: [187 medline neighbors] Prog Clin Biol Res 1983;130:193-200 Newspaper coverage of laetrile clinical trials results. Denniston RW, Romano RM, Keck H --------------------------------------------------------------------------- the above reports in format. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------